As hundreds of churches sit empty, some become malls and restaurants

The Good Shepherd Lutheran Church gets repurposed to The Foxtail On The Lake, in Des Plaines, Ill., on May 22, 2024. Most who choose to renovate a former house of worship try to retain some reference or vestige of the church that the structure once housed. (Lyndon French/The New York Times)

The Good Shepherd Lutheran Church gets repurposed to The Foxtail On The Lake, in Des Plaines, Ill., on May 22, 2024. The property is on Lake Opeka, a few miles from Chicago O’Hare International Airport. (Lyndon French/The New York Times)

The Good Shepherd Lutheran Church gets repurposed to The Foxtail On The Lake, in Des Plaines, Ill., on May 22, 2024. To transform the space into a restaurant, the shuttered church needed an 18-month, $6 million gut renovation. (Lyndon French/The New York Times)

The Good Shepherd Lutheran Church, shown on May 22, was converted into a restaurant called Foxtail on the Lake in Des Plaines, Ill. With vaulted ceilings and stained glass windows, the architectural features of churches have become huge draws for business owners. (Lyndon French/The New York Times)

Lisa Tofano was baptized, confirmed and married at the Good Shepherd Lutheran Church on Lake Opeka in Des Plaines, Illinois. When she and her husband, John, visited the church last fall, however, it wasn’t to worship but rather to celebrate their 34th wedding anniversary at what the church had become: the Foxtail on the Lake, a restaurant.